La estructuración del espacio altomedieval. La cuenca del Duero y su registro arqueológico, ss. VIII-X

Treballs Finals de Grau en Història, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017-2018, Tutor: Mª Dolores López PérezEl estudio del proceso de estructuración del espacio medieval en su vinculación a la sociedad feudal ha sido abordado desde dos ópticas diferentes, dependiendo de las fuentes empleadas. Tanto el uso exclusivo de las fuentes materiales, como de las fuentes escritas, han ofrecido discursos diferentes entre sí. El presente trabajo se ha realizado en base a la lectura de un considerable número de trabajos, cuyo relato hacía uso de una u otra fuente, con el fin de integrarlos en un único discurso. Planteamos, asimismo, los problemas metodológicos e interpretativos sobre el tema.The study of the medieval landscape organization processes closely related to feudal society. Traditionally, it has been addressed from two different standpoints, depending on the sources used. Both the exclusive use of material or written sources have developed different explanations not always well correlated. This piece of research has dealt with a considerable amount of readings, whose discourse was made by using one source or another. The aim has been their integration in one single discourse as much as possible, taking into consideration methodological and interpretive issues on the subject as well

The Semantics of History. Interdisciplinary Categories and Methods for Digital Historical Research

This paper aims at introducing and discussing the data modelling and labelling methods for interdisciplinary and digital research in History developed and used by the authors. Our approach suggests the development of a conceptual framework for interdisciplinary research in history as a much-needed strategy to ensure that historians use all vestiges from the past regardless of their origin or support for the construction of historical discourse. By labelling Units of Topography and Actors in a wide range of historical sources and exploiting the obtained data, we use the Monastery of Sant Genís de Rocafort (Martorell, Spain) as a lab example of our method. This should lead researchers to the development of an integrated historical discourse maximizing the potential of interdisciplinary and fair research and minimizing the risks of bias

Aproximación transversal al pasado medieval: modelado de datos para una integración de fuentes

Una de las principales novedades en el estudio de los procesos de estructuración del espacio en la alta Edad Media ha sido la incorporación del registro material al análisis de problemas históricos que hasta hace no mucho se estudiaban sobre la base fundamental del texto escrito. Esta transformación tan necesaria de los paradigmas de la investigación, sin embargo, también ha puesto de relieve la difícil relación que existe entre ambos registros. El artículo atiende a esta problemática partiendo del marco metodológico que nos ofrece el modelado de datos para la reconciliación de fuentes, y presentando los resultados preliminares de nuestra investigación en curso cuyo objetivo principal es, precisamente, dicha integración de las fuentes y del conocimiento que de ellas se deriva.One of the main innovations in the study of spatial organisation processes during the Early Middle Age has been the incorporation of the material record to the analysis of historical problems, which were studied by extracting information from written texts mainly. However, this much-needed transformation of research paradigms has highlighted the difficulties in relating both records as well. This paper addresses this problem by using the methodological framework offered by data modelling in search of data reconciliation, thus presenting the preliminary results of our on-going research. The aim is the integration of different vestiges and the knowledge they provide within an integrated discourse.La investigación desarrollada en este trabajo es posible gracias a la financiación recibida de la Generalitat de Catalunya a través de su Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca y del Fondo Social Europeo, mediante una beca predoctoral (2022 FI_B1 00021). El estudio se incluye en la línea de investigación de Arqueología del Paisaje del Grupo de Investigación en Arqueología Medieval y Postmedieval GRAMP.UB (2017-SGR-833-GRC). El desarrollo metodológico se ha beneficiado también de los trabajos desarrollados en el proyecto GREYWARE (PID2019-103896RJ-I00), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y la Agencia estatal de investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)

Towards an ontology-driven information system for archaeological pottery studies: the Greyware experience

The archaeological analysis of medieval and modern pottery has benefited from the consolidation of archaeometry in the domain of Medieval Archaeology in the past few decades. As part of an ongoing research project devoted to the characterization of pottery production, distribution processes and technological transfer, we deal with a considerable amount of data that are very diverse in origin and nature and must be exploited within an integrated information system in order to provide information for historical knowledge. The Greyware system has been designed to fulfil this goal and provides the main categories for pottery analysis within a shareable and reusable scenario. Its development and application prove that a little semantics goes a long way and that the creation of domain ontologies for archaeological research is an iterative process under development, as long as several projects sharing data, resources and time can develop a collaborative framework to maximize the assets of individual expertise and collaborative work. In this paper, we discuss the requirements of the system, the challenge of developing strategies for normalized data management and their potential for exploiting historical vestiges from an integrated perspective

Integración de datos y procesos de registro de la información: un estudio de caso en el Alto Arlanza

Research about early medieval rural settlements focused on the combined approach by means of written and material sources is becoming more common. The disparity of sources of a diverse nature requires interdisciplinary work environments. However, the necessary interdisciplinarity entails an epistemological reflection about information management to avoid, as much as possible, the generation of parallel discourses depending on the sources used. In contexts where specific sources are lacking and the existing ones only reflect a very partial and incomplete view of the territory difficulties are more severe. The mountain spaces are representative of this phenomenon and, among them, the Upper Arlanza Basin (Burgos, Spain). This is emblematic for its cave-dwelling necropolises. A considerable number of sites provide archaeological data for the study of the formation of social structures during late antiquity, and the excavations carried out at the Revenga site since 2014 are a good example of this. Our study considers the processes of information management and proposes some methodological strategies to address the integration of sources of a diverse nature and origin, and their possible (re)interpretation within an information system.Los estudios relativos al poblamiento de los asentamientos rurales altomedievales par ten, cada vez con mayor frecuencia, de un análisis que contempla un repertorio de fuentes escritas y materiales de naturaleza diversa que requiere de entornos interdisciplinares de trabajo. No obstante, la necesaria interdisciplinariedad precisa de una re_exión de carácter epistemológico acerca de cómo gestionar y procesar la información para evitar, en la medida de lo posible, la generación de discursos paralelos en función de las fuentes utilizadas. Esta realidad se agrava en contextos donde la escasez de fuentes es acusada y las existentes sólo re_ejan una realidad muy parcial y fragmentada del territorio. Los espacios de montaña son representativos de este fenómeno y, entre ellos, el Alto Arlanza (Burgos). Este territorio, emblemático por sus necrópolis rupestres, acoge un considerable número de yacimientos excepcionales para el estudio de la formación de estructuras sociales y organizativas durante la tardoantigüedad, y las excavaciones llevadas a cabo en el yacimiento de Revenga desde 2014 son una buena muestra de ello. Nuestro estudio re_exiona sobre los procesos de gestión de la información y plantea algunas estrategias metodológicas para abordar la gestión de las fuentes, la integración de fuentes de naturaleza diversa y su posible (re)interpretación.  

Integración de datos y procesos de registro de la información: un estudio de caso en el Alto Arlanza

Research about early medieval rural settlements focused on the combined approach by means of written and material sources is becoming more common. The disparity of sources of a diverse nature requires interdisciplinary work environments. However, the necessary interdisciplinarity entails an epistemological reflection about information management to avoid, as much as possible, the generation of parallel discourses depending on the sources used. In contexts where specific sources are lacking and the existing ones only reflect a very partial and incomplete view of the territory difficulties are more severe. The mountain spaces are representative of this phenomenon and, among them, the Upper Arlanza Basin (Burgos, Spain). This is emblematic for its cave-dwelling necropolises. A considerable number of sites provide archaeological data for the study of the formation of social structures during late antiquity, and the excavations carried out at the Revenga site since 2014 are a good example of this. Our study considers the processes of information management and proposes some methodological strategies to address the integration of sources of a diverse nature and origin, and their possible (re)interpretation within an information system.Los estudios relativos al poblamiento de los asentamientos rurales altomedievales par ten, cada vez con mayor frecuencia, de un análisis que contempla un repertorio de fuentes escritas y materiales de naturaleza diversa que requiere de entornos interdisciplinares de trabajo. No obstante, la necesaria interdisciplinariedad precisa de una re_exión de carácter epistemológico acerca de cómo gestionar y procesar la información para evitar, en la medida de lo posible, la generación de discursos paralelos en función de las fuentes utilizadas. Esta realidad se agrava en contextos donde la escasez de fuentes es acusada y las existentes sólo re_ejan una realidad muy parcial y fragmentada del territorio. Los espacios de montaña son representativos de este fenómeno y, entre ellos, el Alto Arlanza (Burgos). Este territorio, emblemático por sus necrópolis rupestres, acoge un considerable número de yacimientos excepcionales para el estudio de la formación de estructuras sociales y organizativas durante la tardoantigüedad, y las excavaciones llevadas a cabo en el yacimiento de Revenga desde 2014 son una buena muestra de ello. Nuestro estudio re_exiona sobre los procesos de gestión de la información y plantea algunas estrategias metodológicas para abordar la gestión de las fuentes, la integración de fuentes de naturaleza diversa y su posible (re)interpretación.  

New perspectives on Digital Archaeology: From production to usability of data

The study of the material past through current digital methods and tools is not only highlighting the challenges of handling them correctly, but also how this context is influencing research in Archaeology, and especially the data produced within this discipline. In this paper, we introduce this topic discussing various issues, such as the information digitisation, the relevance of free and open-source software, the responsibility of data opening, and the perception of data for knowledge acquisition.El estudio del pasado material a través de los métodos y las herramientas digitales actuales no solamente está resaltando los retos que supone el correcto manejo de los mismos, sino también cómo este contexto está influyendo la investigación en Arqueología, y especialmente con los datos que esta disciplina produce. En este trabajo presentamos dicha situación discutiendo diversas cuestiones, como la digitalización de la información, la relevancia de los programas libres y de código abierto, la responsabilidad en la apertura de los datos, y la percepción de los mismos para la adquisición de conocimiento

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status